Tag Archives: адсорбция
EXTRACTION OF ISOPROPYLBENZENE FROM ABSORPTION GASES IN THE OXIDATION OF PRODUCTION OF PHENOL, ACETONE AND ALPHA−METHYLSTYRENE
The industry of the main organic synthesis is engaged in production of the major organic substances which are initial materials (intermediate products) for receiving more complex organic compounds or find independent application in the national economy. Isopropylbenzene is an intermediate product in production of phenol.
Isopropylbenzene is a typical aromatic compound. In industry, isopropylbenzene is obtained by catalytic alkylation of benzene with propylene, the reaction is complicated by the sequential introduction of alkyl radicals into the formed isopropylbenzene until hexaisopropylbenzene is obtained.
Isopropyl is a valuable commercial product, and on the other hand, a strong environmental pollutant. When excessive emissions isopropylbenzene above the norms of the enterprises of phenol production impose penalties.
In this paper the methods of extraction of isopropylbenzene absorption of gases from the production of phenol, acetone and alpha-methylstyrene, advantages and disadvantages of each method. We propose a combined method that is best on several indicators. Given a feasibility analysis to implement the methods in a particular industry.
STUDY OF ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION OF ASPHALTENE-PARAFFIN-RESIN INHIBITOR DEPOSITS IN THE PORE SPACE OF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS
The research of the formation of asphaltene-paraffin-resin deposition (APRD) in the micro pore volume of the reservoir for the study of oil found in microvolume long oil paraffin saturation temperature at 6-9 °C higher than in the void volume. Early transition paraffins in the solid phase leads to complications associated with the formation of APRD, reduces the effectiveness of the use of physical and chemical methods of preventing the formation of APRD dosing of the inhibitor on the bottom of the well. To prevent the formation of paraffin in the oil reservoir authors proposed the use of bottomhole formation zone as a natural inhibitor of the dispenser APRD in oil. Studies on adsorption of the inhibitor on the walls of the breed in its injection into the formation, and subsequent desorption elution inhibitor of the formation of crude oil. Analysis of experimental results has allowed to establish an effective concentration of the inhibitor in paraffin oil during its injection into the bottomhole formation zone, the adsorption of the inhibitor on the walls of rock, as well as the duration of the desorption of the inhibitor from the formation. It was found that the injection of paraffin inhibitor solution in the bottomhole formation zone will reduce the saturation temperature of the paraffin oil in the pore space of the collector.
OBTAINING HEXANE SOLVENT FROM THE RAFFINATE OF THE INSTALLATION L-PENSION POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE
Currently polyolefins find wide application in various industries in mind the availability of a wide range and high performance. Among realized on an industrial scale of ways to get polyolefins the suspension polymerization is one of the most popular and traditional. In the process of suspension polymerization of olefins as solvents are used faction aliphatic hydrocarbons with boiling temperature 65-95 °C. Development of high-modified catalysts has allowed to simplify the technological scheme, increase the output of the resulting polymer, to expand the grade range, but also to toughen requirements to quality of the original solvents. So, the presence of aromatic solvent, diene, acetylene, sulfur compounds leads to increased consumption and deactivation of the catalyst, decrease the rate of polymerization, instability of molecular mass and physical-mechanical properties of polymer and so on. Therefore, upon receipt of the solvent polymerization purity of one of the most important tasks is to search for available raw materials with minimal content of impurities. As a result of research of raw materials and product flows refinery OJSC “Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat shown that gasoline-raffinate reforming installation L-35/6 is a promising material for production of hexane fraction of high purity, satisfying the requirements developed in OAO “Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat synthesis technology suspension of high-density polyethylene. This refined oils characterized by low content of aromatic and olefinic connections. It is established that for allocation hexane solvent polymerization purity insufficient use only distillation methods. It is shown that for deep purification from impurities requires the use of additional methods: selective hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons and adsorption at the molecular sieves.
Study of electrokinetic nature of emulsion bindes
The electrokinetic nature of crude oil emulsions is evident to the fullest extent in connection with the demulsifying of oil emulsions during crude oil production. The techniques of reverse-type emulsions studies are developed. During the passage of direct or alternating current through the emulsion coalescence of water droplets observed solar cells may occur [6]. Through the microscope, it was seen that the emulsion droplets in an electric field are deformed and grouped into chains, which are located parallel to the power lines. In water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion coalescence occurs when droplets forming a chain come into contact. These chains are conductive and repel each other. In oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion such chains do not coalescence. When charging the capacitor containing emulsion energy is used not only on the polarization of the dielectric medium, but also on the mechanical work, namely droplet deformation and changes in the distribution of the dispersed phase in the volume [2]. The investigated mechanism of electrokinetic interaction is based on polarization dipole molecules of hydrocarbon binders (O/W) or water molecules (W/O). In this paper we consider fundamentally the same mechanism of formation and coalescence of emulsions, but in the presence of polar emulsifier, due to which we artificially set the necessary principle of interaction, thus providing the desired properties of the emulsion in advance. Experiments have revealed electrokinetic aspects of emulsion binders, a method of determining the parameters of the electric double layer of emulsions and the tie of these parameters with current ideas on the formation, existence in time and their decay. According to the results of comparative tests of electrokinetic properties of various emulsions a method of comparative analysis of emulsion binders prepared with different binders is proposed.
Separation of mixtures by adsorption in complex columns with coupled flows
Method for separating liquid or a gas three components mixture by adsorption using principle of columns with fully and partially coupled flows. In one case, the intermediate section of the adsorption layer of the moving section of the adsorbent and in the intermediate section of the chromatographic section of the upward flow of liquid or gas can be separated into two streams, forming two zones of the countercurrent contacting. Another method used the principle of countercurrent mass-transfer apparatus with partially coupled flows. In this case, the intermediate fraction obtained in a separate chromatographic section. Such design of adsorbers allowed to increase the number of stages contact adsorbent with components of separable mixtures without increasing the size of adsorption column therefore improve the sharpness of separation of the mixture.
